Elbow pain is a common issue that can affect athletes, desk workers, and anyone performing repetitive arm movements. Two of the most frequent conditions are tennis elbow and golfer’s elbow. While the names suggest they only affect athletes, both conditions can occur in people who spend long hours typing, lifting, or doing repetitive tasks. Understanding the differences between the two - and how physical therapy can help - is the first step toward lasting relief.
What Is Tennis Elbow?
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) occurs when the tendons on the outside of the elbow become irritated or inflamed. It’s usually caused by repetitive wrist and arm movements, such as gripping or lifting.
Common symptoms include:
- Pain or burning on the outside of the elbow
- Weak grip strength
- Pain that worsens with lifting, shaking hands, or turning doorknobs
Despite its name, most people who develop tennis elbow don’t play tennis - it’s common in office workers, tradespeople, and weightlifters.
What Is Golfer’s Elbow?
Golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) affects the tendons on the inside of the elbow. It develops from repetitive motions that strain the wrist flexors, such as swinging a golf club, throwing, or even prolonged typing.
Common symptoms include:
- Pain or tenderness on the inside of the elbow
- Stiffness and weakness in the wrist
- Pain when gripping objects or flexing the wrist downward
Like tennis elbow, golfer’s elbow isn’t limited to athletes - it can impact anyone who overuses their forearm muscles.
Key Differences Between Tennis Elbow and Golfer’s Elbow
| Feature | Tennis Elbow | Golfer’s Elbow |
| Location of Pain | Outside of the elbow | Inside of the elbow |
| Affected Tendons | Wrist extensors | Wrist flexors |
| Common Triggers | Gripping, lifting, racquet sports, repetitive hand use | Swinging, throwing, lifting, typing, gripping |
How Physical Therapy Helps
Physical therapy is one of the most effective, non-invasive treatments for both conditions. A PT will design a personalized program to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent recurrence. Treatments often include:
- Manual Therapy - Hands - on techniques to reduce stiffness and improve mobility.
- Eccentric Strengthening - Exercises that gradually strengthen the forearm tendons.
- Stretching - Gentle stretches to improve flexibility in the forearm and wrist.
- Modalities - Treatments like laser therapy, ultrasound, or red light therapy to reduce inflammation.
- Education & Ergonomics - Guidance on proper movement, posture, and activity modifications.
Prevention Tips
To avoid recurrence of tennis or golfer’s elbow:
- Warm up before activity
- Strengthen the forearm, wrist, and shoulder muscles
- Avoid gripping too tightly during activities
- Take breaks during repetitive tasks
- Use proper ergonomics at work and during exercise
Final Thoughts
Although tennis elbow and golfer’s elbow affect different sides of the elbow, both conditions can significantly impact daily life. The good news? Physical therapy can provide lasting relief through strengthening, mobility work, and preventative strategies.
If you’re dealing with persistent elbow pain, don’t wait - early physical therapy can help you recover faster and get back to the activities you love.
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