What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a medical condition that occurs when the nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet, a narrow space between the collarbone and the first rib, become compressed. This compression can lead to a variety of symptoms, including pain, numbness, and tingling in the neck, shoulder, and arm.
TOS can be categorized into three main types: neurogenic (affecting the nerves), vascular (affecting blood vessels), and nonspecific (involving both nerves and blood vessels). Common causes of TOS include trauma, poor posture, and anatomical variations contributing to compression in the thoracic outlet, with three notable sites at the scalenes, subclavicular region, and pec minor region, all capable of contributing to radiating symptoms between the scapulas and arms.
Physical Therapy for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Physical therapy is a crucial component of the treatment plan for individuals with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Manual therapy techniques, such as massage and joint mobilization, may be used to alleviate muscle tightness and improve flexibility. Additionally, targeted exercises focus on strengthening the muscles around the thoracic outlet to reduce compression on nerves and blood vessels. Postural education and ergonomic advice are also essential elements of physical therapy for TOS, helping patients make lifestyle adjustments to prevent further aggravation of symptoms. Keeping close contact with pain specialists for additional interventions, such as injections, invasive and noninvasive procedures, is necessary to manage the condition effectively.