Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) sprains or tears are categorized into three grades based on the severity of the injury:
Physical Therapy for different types of MCL Sprains/Tears
Grade 1 (Mild): Involves stretching of the MCL without significant tearing. Mild tenderness and swelling may occur, but the ligament is still able to provide stability to the knee. Physical therapy for a mild MCL sprain typically focuses on reducing pain and inflammation, restoring normal range of motion, and strengthening the surrounding muscles. Therapists may prescribe gentle exercises to promote healing and improve stability.
Grade 2 (Moderate): Involves a partial tear of the MCL. This grade is characterized by increased pain, swelling, and joint instability. The knee may feel loose or give way during movement. Moderate MCL sprains often require a more comprehensive physical therapy approach. Therapists focus on reducing swelling, restoring a full range of motion, and progressively strengthening the muscles. Stability exercises and functional activities are introduced to improve overall knee function and prevent further injury.
Grade 3 (Severe): Involves a complete tear of the MCL. This is a significant injury with substantial pain, swelling, and a notable decrease in knee stability. The knee may feel very loose, and there is an increased risk of associated injuries, such as meniscus tears or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Severe MCL tears may necessitate a longer and more intensive physical therapy program. Initial treatment aims to reduce swelling and pain. As healing progresses, therapists focus on restoring full range of motion, strength, and functional stability. Exercises are tailored to gradually reintroduce weight-bearing activities and improve proprioception. Rehabilitation may also address any associated injuries, and a gradual return to sport or higher-level activities is carefully guided. In some cases, bracing or external support may be considered.