Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (foot deformities)

What is Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (foot deformities)?

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of inherited neurological disorders that affect the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and lower legs. Over time, this muscle weakness can result in foot deformities such as high arches (pes cavus), flat feet (pes planus), hammertoes, and foot drop.

Foot Deformities in CMT:

• High Arches (Pes Cavus): The most common foot deformity in CMT, characterized by an abnormally high arch that can lead to instability and difficulty walking.
• Hammertoes: A condition where the toes are bent at the middle joint, causing them to curl downward.
• Foot Drop: Weakness in the muscles that lift the foot, leading to difficulty lifting the front part of the foot and toes, often resulting in a high-stepping gait or tripping.
• Flat Feet (Pes Planus): Less common in CMT, but can occur, particularly in later stages of the disease.

Physical Therapy for Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (foot deformities)

Physical therapy is an essential component of managing CMT and associated foot deformities. Treatment may include:

1. Stretching Exercises: To maintain flexibility in the feet, ankles, and lower legs, and prevent or manage contractures.
2. Strengthening Exercises: Focusing on the muscles of the feet and lower legs to improve stability and function.
3. Orthotics and Bracing: Custom orthotics or ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) can provide support for high arches or foot drop, improve gait, and reduce the risk of falls.
4. Gait Training: Techniques to improve walking patterns and reduce the risk of tripping or falling.
5. Balance Exercises: To improve stability and reduce the risk of falls.
6. Footwear Recommendations: Proper footwear that provides support and accommodates any orthotic devices is crucial.

Foot deformities are a common complication of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, but with appropriate physical therapy interventions, individuals can manage symptoms, improve mobility, and maintain independence. It's important for patients with CMT to work closely with their healthcare team, including physical therapists, to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses their specific needs and challenges. If you have CMT and are experiencing foot deformities or other symptoms, consult with your healthcare provider for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate management.